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Category Archives: Specilla circularia

An origin of Spinoza’s “cones of rays” explanation, Letter 40

[addendum: in addition to these thoughts, the influence of a more recent source, James Gregory's Optica Promota (1663) has to be considered] Kepler and How Spinoza Viewed the Eye and Light As a point of reference it is important to locate the origin of Spinoza’s phrase “cones of rays” found in his letter 40, since [...]

Spinoza’s Blunder and the Spherical Lens

Did Spinoza Understand the Law of Refraction?   In seeking to uncover the nature of Spinoza’s lens-grinding practices, and the competence of his optical knowledge, I believe I may have uncovered another small, but perhaps significant mis-translation of the text. The text is letter 39, written to Jelles (March 1667)), wherein Spinoza explains the insufficiency of Descartes treatment of [...]

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